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The Las Flores Estancia (also known as Las Flores Asistencia) was established in 1823 as an ''estancia'' ("station"). It was part of the Spanish missions, asistencias, and estancias system in Las Californias—Alta California. Las Flores Estancia was situated approximately halfway between Mission San Luis Rey de Francia and Mission San Juan Capistrano. It is located near Bell Canyon on the Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base ten miles south of the City of San Clemente in northern San Diego County, California. ==History== The first recorded baptisms in upper Las Californias took place on July 22, 1769 on the banks of a nearby stream, dubbed ''Los Cristianos'' by the Spanish soldiers who accompanied the missionaries northward during the "Portolà expedition." 〔Leffingwell, p. 25.〕 Today, the site (referred to more commonly as ''La Cañada de los Bautismos'', literally "The Gorge of the Baptisms," or simply ''Los Christianitos'', "The Little Christians") located at is designated as California Historical Landmark.〔(#562 ).〕 Known at one time as the "San Pedro Rancho," the property featured a tile-roofed chapel (''visita'') and a hostel, both built by relocated Luiseño〔Swanton, pps. 488-90, 498-99〕 and Juaneño Native Americans, the latter for the use of traveling clergy. The buildings formed three sides of a square, 142 feet by 153 feet, all roofed with tile. A portion of the south wing had a second story, and the ''campanile'' (bell tower) was utilized as a navigational aid by early sailing ships. The chapel was visited by residents of two nearby Native American villages, ''Chumella'' and ''Questmille''. Mission San Luis Rey was raising sheep at Las Flores as early as 1810.〔Engelhardt 1921, p. 22〕 To sustain the installation barley, maize, and wheat, were grown and cattle were grazed at nearby ''Las Pulgas'' ("the fleas"); also notable was the production of hides and tallow.〔Engelhardt 1922, p. 258〕 Although Governor José Figueroa (who took office in 1833) initially attempted to keep the mission system intact, the Mexican Congress nevertheless passed ''An Act for the Secularization of the Missions of California'' on August 17, 1833.〔Yenne, p. 19〕 Thereafter, the Franciscans all but abandoned the Mission, taking with them most everything of value, after which the locals salvaged many of the Mission buildings for construction materials. In spite of this neglect, the Luiseño Native American town at Las Flores (along with the Juaneño one at San Juan Capistrano and Luiseño one at San Dieguito) continued on for some time under a provision in ''Gobernador'' Echeandía's 1826 Proclamation that allowed for the partial conversion of missions to ''pueblos''.〔Robinson, p. 42〕 The former estancia, was later part of the Mexican land grant for the "Rancho Santa Margarita y Las Flores". The site was also the scene of the April, 1838 battle between the forces of Juan Bautista Alvarado and Carlos Antonio Carrillo in which the provincial governorship of Alta California was contested. Early California pioneer Marco Forster built the Las Flores Adobe (National Historic Landmark (#NPS–68000021 )) in 1865 near the San Pedro Estancia. In 1974, the Boy Scouts of America constructed a camp (Rancho Las Flores) on the property which is visited by thousands of scouts and other youth annually. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Las Flores Estancia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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